The surface, by layer
Hardware-derived identifiers
Kernel and OS-image identifiers
Network-layer identifiers
Userspace state
Application-layer signals (browser)
These are not OS-level identity isolation in the strict sense. They are the browser’s responsibility to clamp, but listing them here makes the boundary clear. See BlackOps Browser.What is not isolated
Voluntary disclosures and user behavior remain observable. The OS does not flatten any of the following.- Account credentials. Logging in links the session to that account for the duration of the session. The OS does not retroactively unlink.
- Content of communications. The transport is encrypted; the content is whatever the user sent.
- Reading patterns. Visiting the same niche sites in the same order across sessions is a behavior signal an external observer can use to correlate.
- Linguistic style. Stylometry can identify a user across pseudonymous sessions if the writing surface is large enough.
What an observer can reconstruct
Two sessions started by the same physical device, on the same network connection, by the same physical user, present as activity from two unrelated clients on every surface listed above. What an observer can still do:- Correlate sessions through voluntary disclosures (account logins, identifying form submissions).
- Correlate sessions through user behavior (content, timing, style).
- Correlate sessions if the observer has visibility on both the entry side and the exit side of Route, with timing analysis.
Continue from here
Session model
The session lifecycle this isolation is bound to.
BlackOps Browser
How the browser handles application-layer fingerprinting surfaces.